在我漫长的一生中 In my long life,
我很幸运 几乎走遍了地球的每一个角落 I've been lucky enough to travel to almost every part of the globe
欣赏着它最美丽最动人的景色 and gaze upon some of its most beautiful and dramatic sights.
但我可以向你保证 这些岛上的自然景色 But I can assure you that nature in these islands,
如果你知道去哪里找的话 if you know where to look, can be just as dramatic
比我在其它地方看到的任何东西都壮观 and spectacular as anything that I've seen elsewhere.
不列颠群岛对大自然具有全球重要的意义 The British Isles are globally important for nature.
在本系列中 我们将向您展示为什么 In this series, we'll show you why that is so
庆祝这些岛屿的奇迹 and celebrate the wonders of these islands
我们称之为家 that we call home.
这里是狂野群岛 This is Wild Isles.
穆克尔 弗卢加 Muckle Flugga.
不列颠群岛的最北端 The very far north of the British Isles.
距苏格兰大陆170英里 170 miles from mainland Scotland,
位于谢德兰群岛的北端 at the northern tip of the Shetland Islands,
这里是最丰富的海洋生物和鸟类的家园 it's home to some of our richest marine and birdlife.
这些波涛汹涌的水域由我们最大的海洋捕食者巡逻 These rough waters are patrolled by our largest marine predator.
虎鲸 Orca killer whales.
其中有三群在整个冬天都在捕鲱鱼 Three pods of them, having spent the winter fishing for herring
每年春天定期回到谢德兰群岛水域 off Iceland, regularly return to Shetland's waters each spring.
它们这样做有一个特别的原因 They do so for one particular reason.
成千上万的普通海豹和灰海豹生活在这里 Thousands of common and grey seals live here.
水里充满了食物 The waters are full of food
这里有很多的沟壑和渠道可以提供安全 and there are plenty of gullies and channels that offer safety
大部分时间里 most of the time.
来到这里的虎鲸对海豹有着特殊的嗜好 The orca that come here have a particular taste for seals.
它们已经发展出一种独特的方法来捕捉它们 And they have developed a unique way of catching them.
它们的策略是出其不意 Their strategy is one of surprise.
它们已经发现了如何在海藻的水道中向上移动 They have discovered how to travel up channels in the kelp
到达海豹经常藏身的浅水区 to reach the shallow water where seals often hide.
没有一个沟壑是不被检查的 No gully is left unchecked.
虎鲸侧着身子 这样它们的背鳍 The orca turn on their side, so that their dorsal fin
并没有露出表面 暴露它们的存在 doesn't break the surface and reveal their presence.
一只海豹 A seal.
它会靠近岩石 It stays close to the rocks,
大型虎鲸会发现追击很困难 where a large orca would find swimming difficult.
它躲起来等待危险过去 It hides and waits for the danger to pass.
虎鲸在等待时机 The orca bide their time.
它们最好的机会就是找到一只在水里睡觉的海豹 Their best chance is to find a seal asleep in the water
就像这个 like this one.
它醒了就跑 但这里还有一只小的 It wakes up and flees, but there's a pup here, too.
虎鲸把捕获猎物带到开阔的水域 The orca takes its catch out into open water
并向年轻的成员展示如何淹死它 and there shows younger members of the pod how to drown it.
整个群体现在分享捕获的猎物 The whole group now share the catch.
不会浪费任何食物 Nothing will be wasted.
谢德兰群岛是英国和爱尔兰唯一 Shetland is the only place in Britain and Ireland
虎鲸繁殖的地方 where orca breed.
它是生活在我们海洋中的众多非凡生物之一 Just one of the many remarkable creatures that inhabit our seas,
陆地和天空 lands and skies.
我们的自然世界如此丰富的一个原因来自于它的地质学 One reason why our natural world is so rich comes from its geology
是地球上最多样的物质之一 amongst the most varied to be found anywhere on the planet
如英格兰南部的白垩悬崖和丘陵 from the chalk cliffs and downs of southern England
约克郡的石灰石路面 to the limestone pavements of Yorkshire
从达勒姆崎岖的惠斯通悬崖 from the rugged whinstone cliffs of Durham
到巨人之路的火山玄武岩 to the volcanic basalt of the Giant's Causeway
坐落北爱尔兰 in Northern Ireland.
每种岩石都创造了自己的景观 Each kind of rock creates its own landscape
有着自己的动植物群落 with its own community of animals and plants.
我们的自然如此多样的另一个原因是我们多样的气候 Another reason our nature is so diverse is our varied climate.
在北方 天气确实会很冷 In the north, it can be very cold indeed.
在苏格兰凯恩戈姆山脉的一千米高处 A thousand metres up in Scotland's Cairngorm Mountains.
这里的冬天无比寒冷 Winter here can be truly arctic
气温会降至零下27摄氏度 with temperatures dropping to27 degrees centigrade.
这些高地山峰都有巡逻人员 These peaks in the Highlands are patrolled
被我们最壮观的猛禽之一看守 by one of our most spectacular birds of prey
金雕 the golden eagle.
它们曾经广泛分布在英国和爱尔兰 They were once widespread across Britain and Ireland,
但如今几乎只剩下500对左右 but today almost all of our 500 or so pairs
在苏格兰筑巢 nest here in Scotland.
然而经过多年的迫害之后 Now, however, after years of persecution,
金雕的数量在缓缓上升 golden eagle numbers are on the rise.
在它们的领土内有明显的证据 Within their territory, there is clear evidence
仅存的几处野生环境是多么珍贵 of how precious our few remaining wild places are.
我们现在只剩下广袤的森林残余 There are now only remnants of the vast ancient forest
古森林曾经覆盖了大部分高地 that once covered most of the Highlands.
加里东森林是现有唯一的原生针叶林 The Caledonian Forest is the only native coniferous woodland
在英国境内 left in Britain.
它的范围还不到原来的1% It's less than 1% of its original extent.
整个英国只有13%的土地被树木覆盖 Only 13% of Britain as a whole is covered by trees.
这是整个欧洲历史最低的比例之一 That's one of the lowest proportions in the whole of Europe.
然而 我们的橡树却具有全球重要性 Our oak trees, however, are globally important.
只有英格兰有更多的古老橡树 England alone has more ancient oaks
比整个欧洲加起来还要多 than the whole of Europe put together.
其中超过四分之三的橡树都有500多年的历史 And over three-quarters of them are more than 500 years old.
在牛津郡布伦海姆宫的庭院里 In the grounds of Blenheim Palace in Oxfordshire
矗立着英国最古老的橡树 stands the oldest oak tree in Britain.
它有1046年的历史了 It's 1,046 years old
在诺曼被征服之前就开始了它的生命 and began its life before the Norman Conquest.
橡树在其漫长的生命中提供食物和庇护所 Oak trees, throughout their long lives, provide food and shelter
超过2300种不同的动植物依靠它 for over 2,300 different species of plants and animals.
当太阳落山 橡树的夜班出现 As the sun sets, the oak tree's night shift appears.
其中一种是英国最迷人的动物 Among them, one of the most charming animals in Britain
睡鼠 a dormouse.
她评估了巢外的光线 She assesses the light levels outside her nest.
满月可能是个问题 The full moon could be a problem.
但是睡了一整天之后她需要出去走走 But after sleeping all day, she needs to get out and about.
她有四个正在成长的婴儿 它们都靠她奶喝 She has four growing babies who all depend on her for milk.
但幸运的是巢在橡树的高处 But fortunately, higher up in the oak,
有一种特别富含能量的食物等着被收集 there is a particularly energy-rich food waiting to be collected.
对我们来说 这就像爬上摩天大楼的顶端 For us, it would be like climbing to the top of a skyscraper.
留下幼崽独自开始探索危险的世界 Left alone, the babies begin to explore the dangerous world
在它们的巢穴洞口 beyond their nest-hole.
它们的母亲离她要找的东西越来越近了 Their mother is getting closer to what she's looking for.
但是茶色猫头鹰也在橡树上筑巢 But tawny owls also nest in oak trees.
她停住了 She freezes
可以保持一个多小时不动以避免被发现 and can stay motionless for over an hour to avoid detection.
最后她确定安全决定继续攀登 At last, she decides it's safe to continue her climb.
现在她能闻到她要找的植物 Now she can smell the plant that she's looking for
金银花 honeysuckle.
这值得一爬 This is worth the climb.
这些花充满了富含糖分的花蜜 The flowers are loaded with sugar-rich nectar.
她咬掉花瓣 以获取花瓣底部的甜美液体 She bites off the petals to get to the sweet liquid at their base.
她的孩子们开始不耐烦了 Her young are getting impatient.
一个个冒险出去 One ventures out
开始探索 and starts to explore.
妈妈觉得她已经吃饱了 Mother decides that she's eaten enough.
小睡鼠们匆匆赶回家 The baby dormice scuttle back home.
终于安全了 Safe at last.
但能维持多久？ But for how long?
睡鼠曾经广泛分布 Dormice were once widespread
但现在它们主要局限于威尔士 but now they are largely restricted to Wales
和英格兰南部 and southern England.
春天带来了林地最壮观的景象之一 Spring brings with it one of the woodlands' greatest spectacles
风铃草 bluebells.
仅仅几天之内 地面就被鲜艳色彩淹没了 Within only a few days, the ground is flooded with colour.
世界上一半以上的普通风铃草 More than half the world's common bluebells
和英国爱尔兰的花卉 flower in Britain and Ireland.
它们的展示高峰与一件重要事件相吻合 The peak of their display coincides with an important event
揭示林地中体型较大居民之一的生活 in the lives of one of the woodlands' bigger inhabitants.
嗅觉要比我们敏锐得多 With a sense of smell that's much more acute than ours,
一只獾在东萨塞克斯郡检查是否安全 a badger in East Sussex checks that the coast is clear.
一旦它们确定安全了 Once they're sure that it's safe,
成年獾第一次允许幼崽离开地下 the adults allow their cubs above ground for the very first time.
獾的氏族组织紧密 Badger clans are tightly knit
这些幼獾通过气味联系在一起 and these young cubs are linked by scent,
不仅是对它们的母亲 还有整个大家庭 not just to their mother but to the whole extended family.
英国是欧洲超过四分之一獾的家园 Britain is home to over a quarter of Europe's badgers
它们的挖掘和觅食 and their digging and foraging has been a major factor
塑造森林的地面 in shaping the forest floor.
林地包含了大量动植物复杂群落 Woodlands are complex communities containing great numbers of species
植物和哺乳动物 鸟类与昆虫 of plants and mammals, birds and insects.
但几十年来它们已经大大减少了 But over the decades, they've been greatly diminished.
仅仅在过去的20年里 飞行昆虫已经消失了60% In just the last 20 years, 60% of our flying insects have vanished.
昆虫在授粉过程中起着至关重要的作用 Insects play a crucial role in pollinating
我们的野花和庄稼 both our wild flowers and our crops
它们以各种不同的方式延续 and they do so in a variety of remarkable ways.
比如红缬草的花 The flowers of red valerian, for instance,
将花蜜储存在长形花朵的基部 store their nectar at the base of their elongated blooms,
所以只有拥有特殊口器的传粉者才能喝到它 so only a pollinator with very special mouthparts can drink it.
蜂鸟天蛾有合适的装备来完成这项工作 The hummingbird hawk-moth has just the right equipment for the job
长管状的长鼻 a long tubular proboscis.
这些夏天的访客每秒可以拍打翅膀85次 These summer visitors can beat their wings 85 times a second
需要大量的花蜜来补充能量 and need lots of nectar to fuel the effort of doing so.
其它的花 像苦乐参半提供了不同的回报 Other flowers, like bittersweet, offer a different reward
不是花蜜而是花粉 not nectar but pollen, which is produced
在它紧密的黄色花蕾中 within its tightly-sealed yellow anthers.
一种昆虫知道如何得到它 And one insect knows how to reach it
大黄蜂 a bumblebee.
这只雌性进化出了一种非常聪明的方法来获取花粉 This female has developed a very clever way to get at the pollen.
她以正确的频率振动身体 She vibrates her body at exactly the right frequency
使花粉涌出 to make the pollen pour out.
花粉会喂养她的孩子 The pollen will feed her young,
但有些会在她回家的路上去别的花时被擦掉 but some will rub off when she visits other flowers on her way home
让其它花受精 and so fertilise them
花与蜂双赢 a win for both flower and bee.
也许最复杂的授粉技术 Perhaps the most complicated pollination technique of all
被一种常见的林地植物所使用 is that used by a common woodland plant known as lords-and-ladies.
它开出一种非常奇怪的花 It produces a very odd-looking flower
有一个大的紫色穗状叫做肉穗花芯 with a large purple spike called a spadix.
傍晚时分肉穗花芯开始升温 In the late afternoon, the spadix heats up
直到温度上升20摄氏度 until it becomes 20 degrees centigrade hotter
释放出一种难闻的气味 than its surroundings and releases a foul-smelling scent.
蠓蝇在寻找腐烂的物质 Tiny owl midge-flies, looking for rotting matter
发现那里的臭味有着无法抗拒的吸引力 on which to lay their eggs, find the stink irresistibly attractive.
但是包围肉穗花芯的帽叶内侧 But the inner side of the hooded leaf that surrounds the spadix
非常滑 is very slippery.
蠓蝇滚落地牢 The flies tumble down into a dungeon
植物基部的球根腔 the bulbous chamber at the base of the plant.
需要授粉的部分 The female parts that need pollinating
都在这个房间的底部 are at the bottom of this chamber.
上面是产生花粉的雄性部分 Above them, the male parts that produce the pollen.
在最顶端是尖状向下光滑的触须 And at the very top, spikey, slippery, downward-pointing hairs.
它们的作用就像监狱的栅栏 把蠓蝇困在下面 These act like the bars of a prison, trapping the owl-flies below
把它们关在那里过夜 and holding them there overnight.
被困住的蠓蝇会粘在花的雌性部分上 Trapped, the flies get glued to the flower's sticky female parts,
为它们带来花粉 transferring any pollen they may have brought
从花的雄性部分那里 from other lords-and-ladies.
然后蠓蝇会吃掉已经干燥的甜蜜分泌物 The flies then eat the now-dried sweet secretion
然后试图离开 and then try to leave,
但花还不会释放它们 but the flower will not release them just yet.
上面的雄花现在成熟了 它们的花粉迸发出来 The male flowers above are now ripe and their pollen bursts out,
把蠓蝇都粘满了 showering the flies below.
监狱的栅栏现在枯萎了 The prison bars now wilt
蠓蝇就可以自由飞翔了 and the flies are free to go.
为了这次非凡的授粉成功 For this extraordinary pollination to be successful,
一只蠓蝇必须逃出这种监狱两次 a fly must escape this prison twice
最先携带花粉的 first to be loaded with pollen
然后再一次传递花粉到 and then, once again, to deliver the pollen
另一朵奇怪的花 to another lords-and-ladies flower.
这里没有丰富的野花和昆虫传粉者 Nowhere here is richer in wild flowers and insect pollinators
是我们传统的干草草地 than our traditional hay meadows.
可悲的是在过去的60年里 Sadly, in the last 60 years,
我们已经失去了97%的宝贵栖息地 we've lost 97% of this precious habitat.
但自然友好型农业 But with nature-friendly farming,
也可以让草地恢复为野生动物庇护所 meadows can be restored to provide a haven for wildlife.
关键在于时机 It's all about the timing.
推迟到7月中旬割草 Delaying mowing until mid-July
使鸟类和昆虫得以完成繁殖 allows birds and insects to complete their breeding
花结出了种子 and flowers to set their seed.
也创造了机会 It also creates opportunities
给准备利用它们的动物 for those that are ready to exploit them.
格洛斯特郡本地的狐狸 The local foxes here in Gloucestershire
非常了解这些领域 know these fields very well.
每年它们都跟着农民从一片田地到另一片田地 Every year, they follow the farmers from field to field
当它们在晒干草的时候 as they make hay.
有时候幼崽也会跟着一起来 And sometimes the cubs come with them.
这些幼崽只有三个月大 These cubs are only three months old
而且主要对玩耍感兴趣 and mostly interested in play.
夏天从草丛中冒出来的金龟子值得一吃 Summer chafers emerging from the grass are worth eating.
如果你能抓住它们 If you can catch them!
但幼崽们需要被教导如何正确捕猎 But the cubs need to be taught how to hunt properly.
到了九月 它们就只能靠自己了 By September, they will be on their own,
所以它们的母亲教导它们 so their mother shows them how.
敏锐的听觉使她能够察觉 Her acute sense of hearing enables her to detect
哪怕是草丛里最轻微的沙沙声 even the slightest rustle in the grass.
通过移动她的头 By moving her head,
她就能准确发现噪音的来源 she can pin-point exactly where the noise is coming from.
然后她静静地跳跃了起来 And then, silently, she leaps.
至少小狐狸们今晚有东西吃了 At least the cubs will have something to eat this evening.
英国和爱尔兰在全球的地位 Britain and Ireland's position on the globe
使得国际野生动物具有特殊的重要性 gives us a special importance for wildlife internationally.
我们正处在迁徙的正中位置 We are in just the right place to welcome migrants
来自夏天的南方 冬天的北方 from the south in summer and from the north in winter.
每年秋天大约有30000只黑雁来到这里 Each autumn, around 30,000 barnacle geese arrive
在赫布里底群岛的艾莱岛 on the Hebridean island of Islay.
它们都来自格陵兰岛 在那里度过了夏天 They have all come from Greenland, where they spent the summer.
有些年 世界上一半的动物来到这里 Some years, half the world population arrive here,
都被同一种食物所吸引 all attracted by the same food
草 grass.
它们成群觅食 They feed in groups.
这样做可以各自照应 That way, there will always be some eyes keeping watch.
白尾鹰是我们最大的猛禽 White-tailed eagles our biggest bird of prey.
曾在英国灭绝 Once extinct in Britain,
今天有12只来到艾莱岛过冬 today, up to a dozen now spend winter on Islay.
但它们被发现了猎物 But they've been spotted.
鹰必须选择一只特定的雁作为目标 The eagles must select a particular bird as a target.
它们在试图找出一只弱小的 They're testing the geese, trying to identify a weak one.
经过将近2000英里的旅程 After a journey of almost 2,000 miles,
有些雁会特别疲惫 some will be particularly exhausted.
但白尾鹰还没选好 But the eagles haven't chosen one yet.
落潮时 大雁从河口下来 At low tide, out on the estuary, the geese come down.
即使在这里 白尾鹰也不会让它们休息太久 Even here, the eagles don't let them rest for long.
一只没有经验的雏鹰正在尝试它的运气 A young, inexperienced eagle tries his luck
再次驱使它们 driving them on again.
小雏鹰让雁群不停地移动 The youngster keeps the flock on the move.
然而 一只精疲力竭的雁被落在了后面 One exhausted goose, however, gets left behind.
另一只雏鹰俯冲而来 Another young eagle swoops in.
在混乱中 那只雁设法飞走了 In the confusion, the goose manages to fly off.
但两只雏鹰现在还未放弃 But neither of the eagles is going to give up now.
当雁转身 As the goose turns,
它摆脱了一个追踪者 it loses one of its pursuers.
现在是一对一 Now it's just a one-on-one.
这只雁太重了 雏鹰不得不挣扎着抓住它 The goose is so heavy, the young eagle has to struggle to hold on.
这只雏鹰和艾莱岛上所有其它白尾鹰 This young bird and all the other white-tailed eagles here on Islay
都学会了如何捕猎黑雁 have only learnt how to hunt barnacle geese
在过去的十年里 in the last ten years.
横跨英国和爱尔兰 Across Britain and Ireland,
我们温和的气候 每年冬天吸引了50多万只黑雁 our mild climate attracts more than half a million geese each winter
使我们这成为这些长途旅行者的重要避护所 making us a vital refuge for these long-distance travellers.
在英国 我们有地球上最稀有的栖息地之一 Here in Britain, we have one of the rarest habitats on Earth
白垩流 chalk streams.
世界上只有大约200条白垩溪流 There are only about 200 chalk streams in the world
其中85%流经英格兰南部 and 85% of them flow through southern England.
它们的水从底部升起并流过白垩溪 Their waters, rising through chalk and flowing over it,
水中富含矿物质和氧气 are rich in minerals and oxygen.
这就为水鸦爪创造了合适的生存条件 This creates the right conditions for water-crowfoot
每年夏天都会有白色的花朵漂浮在水中 that each summer produces floating carpets of white flowers.
在它们上面飞着的是带状的豆娘 Above them fly banded demoiselle damselflies
较苗条的蜻蜓亲戚 slimmer relatives of dragonflies.
翅膀上有黑色斑点的是雄性 These, with dark patches on their wings, are the males,
是一种闪光的蓝色 and they are an iridescent blue.
金属绿色的翅膀没有明显花纹的 The more metallic-green ones with plain, unmarked wings
是雌性 are the females.
为了吸引雌性 雄性必须获得一块地 To attract a female, a male must secure a patch
可以供产卵的健康漂浮叶子 of healthy floating leaves on which she can lay her eggs.
雄性通过炫耀翅膀来宣告自己对这块地的所有权 The male declares his ownership of a patch by flaunting his wings
然后回到附近的栖息地 before returning to a nearby perch.
但其它雄性既想要它的领地又想要雌性 But other males want both his territory and the female,
它们展开战斗 and they are willing to fight.
它寡不敌众 He's outnumbered.
在混乱中它回到了它的栖息地 In the chaos, he returns to his perch,
被雌性密切注视着 watched closely by the female.
这一次它邀请她下来看那片树叶 This time, he invites her down to view his patch of leaves
并在水面上沉淀 and settles on the water surface,
向她展示富氧的溪水流动性良好 showing her that the oxygen-rich waters are flowing well,
这对她的卵子至关重要 which will be vital for her eggs.
她印象深刻 She's impressed.
然而 交配是一件复杂的事情 Mating, however, is a complicated business.
首先它紧紧抓住她的脖子 First, he grasps her firmly by the neck
小心翼翼地取出精子 and carefully removes any rival's sperm.
然后它从身体附近的开口处排出自己的精子 Then he collects his own sperm from an opening near his head
然后转给她 and transfers it to her.
一旦交配完成 雌性就飞到它的那片叶子上产卵 Once mated, the female flies to his patch of leaves to lay her eggs.
雄性和她一起 保护她不受对手的伤害 And the male joins her to guard her from his rivals.
闯入者进来试图拆散这对夫妇 They barge in and try and pull the couple apart,
因为现在它们自己和这只雌性交配还不算晚 for it's still not too late for them to mate with this female themselves.
但她有逃跑路线 But she has an escape route
在水下面 under the water.
一层银色的气泡让她得以呼吸 A silver layer of bubbles allows her to breathe
屹立在水面之下 while she's beneath the surface.
她用锋利的产卵器切开植物的茎 She cuts into the plant stems with her sharp ovipositor
开始注入卵子 and starts to inject her eggs,
一小时内生产了400多个 producing more than 400 in under an hour.
任务完成 Mission accomplished.
为了繁殖 豆娘们需要干净的 To breed in this way, the damsels require clean,
自由流动的淡水 free-flowing fresh water
就像其它生活在白垩溪流中的动物一样 as do other animals that live in chalk streams
我们的本地褐鳟鱼和鲦鱼 our native brown trout and minnows.
这些小鱼被我们最可爱的鸟之一捕食 These small fish are preyed upon by one of our loveliest birds.
我们经常能听到它们 We often hear them
但通常只能瞥见一闪而过的蓝色 but usually get only a glimpse, a flash of electric blue.
翠鸟以每小时30英里的速度在河流上飞驰 Kingfishers speed along rivers at 30mph.
每只翠鸟都拥有一段特定的河流 Each claims a particular stretch of river
大概有两英里长 which can be over two miles long.
渔业领地得到了有力的保护 Fishing territories are vigorously defended
而雄性会和伴侣共用一条 and a male will only share one with his partner.
只是为了活下去 Just to stay alive,
这只雌性每天必须吃掉超过一半体重的食物 this female must eat over half her body weight each day.
如果它们有雏鸟 一对翠鸟 If they have chicks, a pair of kingfishers
每天必须再捕70条鱼 must catch a further 70 fish every day.
英国和爱尔兰的海岸线长达22000多英里 The coastline of Britain and Ireland is over 22,000 miles long
是欧洲最富饶的海洋之一 and our seas are amongst the richest in Europe.
因此这里的海鸟群是世界上最大的 Because of this, our sea bird colonies are among the biggest
也是地球上最壮观的 and most spectacular to be found anywhere on the planet.
苏格兰福斯湾的巴斯岩 Bass Rock in Scotland's Firth of Forth
是世界上最大的塘鹅栖息地 is the largest gannet colony in the world
每年有75000对往返香港 with 75,000 pairs returning here each year.
事实上 我们的水域拥有70%的水 Our waters, in fact, support nearly 70%
塘鹅数量占全球的一半 of the northern gannet's global population.
盛夏时节 整个巴斯岩都挤满了塘鹅 At the height of summer, the whole of Bass Rock is jam-packed,
每平方米就有两个巢 with two nests to every square metre.
雄鸟和雌鸟在远离大海的地方过冬 Male and female spend the winter apart, far out at sea.
但到了春天它们又回到繁殖地 But in spring, they return to their breeding grounds,
每对情侣都要重新建立它们的伴侣关系 and each couple re-establish their partnership
用一种微妙的求爱方式 with a delicate courtship display.
养一只雏鸟需要三个多月的时间 It takes over three months to rear a chick
在此期间 父母双方将进行数百次旅行 and, during that time, both parents will make hundreds of trips
收集食物 to collect food.
平均每一次觅食行程超过140英里 On average, each feeding trip is over 140 miles long
但有时它们也会飞到600英里以外 but, on occasion, they may travel as far as 600 miles.
塘鹅的长途跋涉只有一种目的 The gannet's immense journeys are only possible
因为它们需要把捕获的鱼带回家 because they bring their catch home in their stomachs.
鲭鱼和鲱鱼是塘鹅最喜欢的食物 Mackerel and herring are the gannet's favourite food
虽然分量的大小对一些幼鸟来说可能是一个问题 though the size of a portion can be a bit of a problem for some.
另一种小得多的鱼对我们的海鸟也很重要 Another much smaller fish is also very important to our sea birds.
沙鳗只有30厘米长 Sand eels are only 30cm long,
但它们出现在广阔的鱼群中 but they occur in vast shoals.
它们是食物链中的关键一环 They're a critical link in the food chains
吸引了一大堆不同的海鸟 of a whole range of different sea birds.
小沙鳗是海鹦最喜欢的猎物 Lesser sand eels are the favourite prey of puffins.
大约有50万只这种可爱的鸟 Almost half a million of these lovable birds
每年夏天都会来我们的海岸 大多数都是到像这样的岛屿 come to our coast each summer, mostly to islands such as these
诺森伯兰郡的法恩斯岛 the Farnes off Northumberland.
海鹦一生都是一对对的 每年都使用同一个洞穴 Puffins mate for life and pairs use the same burrow every year.
在这里 它们养了一只叫泡芙的小雏鸟 Here, they raise a single chick called a puffling.
不像塘鹅它们觅食的旅程 Unlike gannets, the journeys they make for food
通常比较短 are usually shorter.
它们宽大的喙使它们能够携带 Their broad bills enable them to carry
数量惊人的沙鳗 remarkably large numbers of sand eels.
但它们的捕获物总是诱人的可见 But their catch is always temptingly visible.
鲱鱼鸥的体型是海鹦的两倍 Herring gulls are twice the size of a puffin.
但对这岛上的海鹦来说最大的威胁 But the greatest threat to puffins on this island
来自另一种小海鸥 comes from a smaller gull
黑头鸥 the black-headed gull.
它们不够强壮 抓不住空中的海鹦 They are not strong enough to grab a puffin in the air.
它们得用另一种技巧 They have to use another technique.
它们试图从海鹦的嘴里把沙鳗抢走 They try to snatch the sand eels right out of the puffin's beak.
这只海鹦逃脱了 This puffin escapes.
但问题是这个地洞不再是它的 But the problem is that this burrow is not his.
黑头鸥似乎也知道 And the gulls seem to know that.
它不能在下面待太久 He can't stay down there for long.
这只小海鹦决心护住这些沙鳗 This little puffin is determined that these sand eels
都是留给它的幼崽的 are for his chick and nobody else.
成功了 Made it!
就在彭布罗克郡的海岸附近 Here off the coast of Pembrokeshire,
海鹦的数量一直在稳步增长 puffin numbers have been steadily increasing.
如今 每年夏天都有近40000只海鹦回到这个小岛 Today, nearly 40,000 return to this tiny island every summer.
但在斯科莫是个例外 But Skomer is an exception.
大部分的海鹦群落都在衰退 Most of our puffin colonies are in decline.
过度捕捞和气候变化意味着沙鳗 Over-fishing and climate change mean the sand eels
它们所依赖的食物越来越难找 they depend on are increasingly hard to find.
这是一个很明显的例子 说明了 It's a clear example of just how fragile and fragmented
我们的天性就是这样 our nature is.
尽管英国作为一个整体 Though rich in places, Britain as a whole
是世界上自然资源最枯竭的国家之一 is one of the most nature depleted countries in the world.
从来没有比这更重要的时刻了 Never has there been a more important time
保护我们自己的野生动物 to invest in our own wildlife,
为全世界树立起榜样 to try and set an example for the rest of the world
为下一代恢复我们曾经失去的荒野岛屿 and restore our once wild isles for future generation.
拍摄虎鲸捕猎海豹 To film orca hunting seals,
狂野群岛团队得前往谢德兰群岛 the Wild Isles team travelled to Shetland.
我们的计划是找到并跟踪一个特定的虎鲸群 The plan was to find and follow one particular pod
一个八口家族 被称为27帮 a family of eight individuals known as the 27s.
作为谢德兰群岛最大的栖息地 它是拍摄狩猎 As Shetland's biggest pod, they were the team's best chance
最佳的机会 to film a hunt.
他们有一艘改装过的快艇 可以携带稳定的摄像系统 They had a fast boat, modified to carry a stabilised camera system
还有无人机 让它们成为空中能看到远方的眼睛 and drones to give them a far-reaching eye in the sky.
但要在这片广袤的土地上找到虎鲸群并不容易 But finding the pod in this vast territory was not going to be easy.
所以船员们收集了当地的知识 So the crew enlisted local knowledge.
我刚给我妻子发了短信 I just messaged my wife and asked her the, erm
问她谢德兰群岛的海岸线有多大？ How big is Shetland's coastline?
她回信说有2700公里 And she wrote back to me and said it's 2,700km.
我们要找的是一群八只动物 And we're looking for basically a pod of eight animals
在2700公里的海岸线上 in 2,700km of coast.
我突然明白了 It suddenly dawned on me
我们要做的事情有多么困难 the enormity of what we're trying to do.
理查德有重要的额外帮助 Richard has vital extra help,
一个由250名岛民组成的社交群 a WhatsApp group of 250 islanders
它们会定期更新彼此的目击信息 who regularly update each other on their sightings.
如果没有这些眼睛来追踪这些虎鲸 Without all these eyes looking and picking up
在社交媒体上发布 我认为这 and posting on social media, I think it would be very difficult
将是非常困难的 to follow these killer whales.
虎鲸为了寻找食物 一天可以行进100英里 Orca can travel 100 miles a day in their search for food.
它们可以在任何时候出现在谢德兰群岛海岸的任何地方 They can appear anywhere on Shetland's coast at any time.
所以我们的策略是尽可能多地在海上呆上一段时间 So the strategy was to spend as much time at sea as possible
能够对任何目击事件做出快速反应 to be able to react quickly to any sightings.
三个星期了 它们哪儿也没找到 Three weeks, they haven't been anywhere
在谢德兰群岛的任何地方 seen anywhere in Shetland, this pod.
拍摄虎鲸的镜头是相当困难的 It's quite difficult to film a killer whale sequence
没有虎鲸 without killer whales.
我们真的无能为力了 There's literally nothing more we can do
也不愿每天出去寻找 希望电话响 than go out, search every day, hope that the phone rings
被别人看到了 或者我们找到它们 and someone else has seen it or we find them.
挑战突然变得更大 And the challenge was made even greater
当时浓雾使得在岛上航行几乎不可见 when thick fog made navigating the islands near impossible.
这里的天气变化很快 Well, the weather changes pretty quickly up here.
我们出发前还是风平浪静 天空蔚蓝 We were in glorious, becalmed, blue sky, flat water conditions
大约两小时前 about two hours ago.
现在开始回程就遇到了这片雾 We've just started our journey back and we've come into this bank of fog
完全包围了船 and it's completely surrounded the boat.
现在这里几乎没有参考点 There are no reference points out here now.
时间也不多了 Time was running out.
最后几天理查德终于接到了一个电话 With just a few days left, Richard finally got a call
从一个岛上居民那里 from one of the islanders.
对 是的 是的 Right. Cheers, cheers.
刚才发生了什么事？ What's just happened?
他们看见有两头虎鲸正从蓝矛湾过来 They've got two bulls coming down Bluemull Sound,
向南朝费特拉方向去了 heading south towards Fetlar.
摄制组竞相追赶虎鲸 The team raced to catch up with the orca.
噢 它们在那里 往右往右 Oh, they're there! To the right, to the right.
它们在我们下面 就在你后面 They've gone under us. They're right behind you.
哦 一个在前面 它们分开了 船的两边各有一条 Oh, one's in front. They've split. One either side of the boat.
他们在虎鲸前面就位 等待它们通过 They got in position ahead of the bulls and waited for them to pass.
看看这背鳍的大小 Look at the size of that dorsal fin!
遗憾的是 这种兴奋是短暂的 Sadly, the excitement was short lived.
不是27帮的家族群体 It's not the 27s, which is the family group
我们本来想追上的 但那是虎鲸 we were hoping to catch up with, but it is killer whales.
经过一个月的努力 他们一年的时间已经用完了 After a month of effort, they had run out of time that year.
接下来的一年 我们看到了一支新的队伍 新的船和新的计划 And the following year saw a new team, a new boat and a new plan.
在陆地上 这个团队的反应能力更强 Basing themselves on land, the team could be more reactive.
当虎鲸真的出现时我们得放下手里一切 When the orca do turn up, we need to drop everything
去寻找它们 and go and try and find them,
在这个岛上最快的方法 and the quickest way to do that on this island
就是把船拖到我们认为它们会去的地方 is to tow the boat to where we think they're about to be
根据最后一次目击 based on the last sightings.
这意味着我们必须先设置我们的滑道 That means that we have to know our slipways,
但其中不少都被绿色的黏糊糊的杂草覆盖着 but quite a few of them are covered in this green slimy weed.
对于船员来说 这意味着得定期做清洁工作 For the crew, this meant regular cleaning duty.
由于清除了滑道上的杂草 他们可以测试新的摄像机装置 With the slipways weed-free, they could test the new camera set-up.
这次它们把摄像机装在三角帆上 This time, they mounted the camera on a jib
以便更快地将其移动到位 to move it more quickly into position.
两周后还没有目击者 感觉就像是上次重演 After two weeks with no sightings, it felt like a replay
去年的坏运气 of last year's bad luck.
但岛民网络又一次伸出了援手 But, once again, the network of islanders came to the rescue.
二手信息 但有人看到了虎鲸 Second-hand information, but some orca were seen
昨晚8点在离这里10公里的地方 about 10km from here at 8:00pm last night.
我们早上7点才收到信息 We just got the text this morning at 7:00am.
有消息说有一群虎鲸就在附近 Tipped off that a pod of orcas was close,
摄制组很快就能追上它们 the team could quickly catch up with them.
但不是27帮 But it wasn't the 27s.
这是第19帮 里面有一只叫穆萨的个体 It's the 19 pod with an individual in it called Mousa,
它是条很有名的虎鲸 which is quite a well-known individual.
但它最后一次露面是在周五 But she was last seen on Friday
在奥克尼岛的27帮 with the 27 pod in Orkney.
所以现在是星期天 它在这里 So we're now on Sunday and she's here,
那是不是意味着27帮也在这里 so does that mean the 27 pod is here?
摄制组继续停留在附近 希望这些鲸群能一起旅行 The team stuck around, hoping the pods were travelling together.
它们来了! 它们就在那里 在海湾里 There they are! There they are, there they are, in the bay.
在海湾这里 是的 山的另一边 In the bay here. Yeah, the other side of the skerries.
我们能转一圈吗？ Can we just spin round, please?
这需要耐心和毅力 It's took patience and determination,
但经过两年的不懈努力 but after two years of effort,
船员们终于赶上了27帮 the crew finally caught up with the 27 pod.
我们现在在27帮行径上 这是我们最好的虎鲸家族 We are here right now on the 27s, which is our best pod,
因为有个在渡轮上工作的人看到了它们 because one of the guys working on the ferry saw them,
发到社交媒体上 posted it on WhatsApp.
我们五分钟内就到了 我们直接开过来了 We were five minutes away and we were straight onto it.
鲸群很快就实现了它们的诺言 The pod soon lived up to their promise
开始沿着海岸线狩猎 and began to hunt along the coast.
利用无人机可以跟随鲸群展开 Using the drone, the team could follow as the pod spread out,
搜索每一寸海岸线 searching every inch of the shoreline.
从船上稳定下来的摄像机 From the boat, the stabilised camera rig
允许它们拍摄动作特写 allowed them to film the action close-up.
简直是大屠杀 一切都发生太快了 That was carnage. All so fast.
这太疯狂了 It just goes crazy.
是啊 一场疯狂的狩猎 Yeah, a really crazy hunt. Just
疯狂地就像一片混乱 bonkers. Just, like, chaos.
经过长达两年的拍摄和岛民的协助 After two years of filming and thanks to the network of islanders
还有理查德的专业知识 团队终于能够 and Richard's expertise, the team were finally able
捕捉到这种非凡的捕猎行为 to capture this extraordinary hunting behaviour.
从谢德兰群岛回来三个月后 传来了一个不幸的消息 Three months after returning from Shetland, there was some sad news.
27帮里的一只年轻雄性虎鲸被发现死了被冲上岸 A young male orca from the 27 pod was found dead, washed up onshore.
验尸报告显示它是淹死的 A postmortem revealed he had drowned
在被渔具缠住之后 after becoming entangled in fishing gear.
每年都有几十只鲸鱼和海豚以这种方式死去 Each year, dozens of whales and dolphins die in this way.
但自从拍摄以来 又发现了三头新的幼鲸 But since filming, three new calves have been spotted,
最年轻的是27岁 the youngest belonging to the 27s.
我们必须尽一切努力来确保我们的水域 We must do everything we can to ensure that our waters
对这些罕见的特殊访客以表安全和友好 are safe and welcoming for these rare and special visitors.
下一集 Next time
四季分明的林地 woodland ruled by the seasons
戏剧性战役的故乡 home to dramatic battles
以及迄今未见的奇观 and hitherto unseen spectacles.
英国开放大学制作了一张免费海报 The Open University has produced a free poster
探索我们的野生岛屿及其多样化的栖息地和物种 exploring our wild isles and their diverse habitat and species.
通过致电订购您的副本 Order your copy by calling
或者登录bbc.co.uk/wildisles or go to bbc.co.uk/wildisles
然后点击链接进入开放大学 and follow the links to the Open University.
如果你想为恢复我们的荒岛尽一份力 If you'd like to play your part in restoring our wild isles
了解更多关于你能做些什么 and learn more about what you can do to help,
请在BBC网站上搜索Wild Isles just search Wild Isles on the BBC website.