猎食者的生存状态是我们检验地球野外生存环境的一面镜子 Predators give us a dramatic health check on our planet's wild places.
它们位于生物食物链的顶端 They are the top of the food chain
需要有广袤的土地去猎食大量的猎物 and need an abundance of prey and vast territories for hunting.
但随着人口的增长 But as the human population grows,
人类与野生动物的争地行为也随之增长 the conflict between people and wildlife is on the rise.
如今 超过75%的顶尖猎食者种类的数量都在下降 Over 75% of the world's top predators are now declining.
是人类制造了这样的物种生存危机 Humans have created this crisis,
但我们同样有能力缓解并解决这问题 but we also have the power to resolve it.
让我们来认识一下这些奋斗在第一线 We meet the pioneers at the front line,
寻求解决方案的业界领军人物 searching for bold solutions.
首要问题是 我们是否允许把生存的余地 The question is whether we are prepared to allow room
让给这些自然界中伟大的猎手们 for the natural world's greatest hunters.
全世界森林覆盖面积超过地球陆地面积的三分之一 The world's forests cover a third of its land surface,
这些森林孕育的野生动物数量超过50% and contain over 50% of our wildlife.
在印度热带丛林中 位于食物链顶端的猎食者 老虎 In the jungles of India, the top predator is the tiger.
它们的数量一直在减少 Once on the point of extinction,
如今它们的数量有所增长 its numbers are now steadily rising here
是近50年来的首次出现反转 for the first time in over 50 years.
印度有12亿人口 India is also home to 1.2 billion people
是世上经济发展最快的国家 and the fastest-growing economy on the planet.
印度是如何让老虎数量实现增长的呢 So, how is the tiger making a comeback?
老虎是所有猫科动物中体型最大的 Tigers are the largest of all big cats.
它们的活动范围可达155.4平方公里 They need a territory of up to 60 square miles
每周至少捕食一次才能维持生存 and must make a kill every week to survive.
它们是善于隐蔽的高手 He's so perfectly camouflaged.
猎物会不知觉地靠近老虎潜伏的地方 A deer could just come close to him without knowing the tiger's there
当足够近时 饿虎擒羊 and he'd just go for it.
国际野生生物保护学会的乌勒斯·卡伦斯博士 Dr Ullas Karanth from the Wildlife Conservation Society
是世界首屈一指的老虎专家 is the world's leading expert on tigers.
观察老虎捕食就像是在梦剧场中看一场戏 Watching a tiger hunt is a dream, it's just spectacular.
你能感受到老虎是一个天生的 能够完美演绎杀戮的艺术家 You realise what a perfectly-designed killing machine this animal is.
500年前 史料记载印度还有超过30万头老虎 500 years ago, there were over 300,000 tigers in India.
但据上世纪末的统计 它们的数量已经锐减至两千只左右 But in the last century, their numbers fell to just 2,000,
造成这种状况的原因 是老虎赖以生存的森林面积减少过半 due to a combination of poaching
以及被大量捕猎 and the loss of half of their forest.
在上世纪七十年代晚期 In the late 1970s,
印度的老虎一度濒临灭绝 tigers were almost on the verge of extinction in India.
印度政府开始建立保护区 以及制定保护法等措施 But strong measures by the Indian government to create protected areas
使得老虎数量恢复增长 and a strong law enforcement effort led to a major recovery
这些努力是有目共睹的 better than anything else the world has seen.
在很多地区 老虎又重新现身 As a result, tigers have come back big time in many places.
如今在印度的老虎已有近2500只 There are now around 2,500 tigers in India
数量仍在稳定增长中 and their numbers are steadily rising.
如今的问题不再是缺老虎 The problem now is not so much a shortage of tigers,
而是缺它们的生存空间 it's a lack of space for them.
近30年来 印度的人口已翻一番 India's human population has doubled in the last 30 years.
大量的人口仍生活在保护区周边 With so many people living in national parks,
与之争地就不可避免了 conflict is inevitable.
这些地方的人们生存离不开种植谷物和饲养家畜 These enclaves make a living out of raising crops, raising livestock
直接与老虎产生空间和食物的争端 and they're competing for space and food with tigers directly.
斗争对于他们双方而言 So, this forces a conflict on them
不是你死就是我亡 and eventually the tigers lose out and people lose out.
印度政府出台了一个基本的解决方案 The government has come up with a radical solution -
即经济援助村民离开村庄 给老虎让地 paying villagers to move out of their homes, to make way for tigers.
让住在森林周边的村民迁离是一个争议很大的议题 Relocating local people out of the forest is a highly emotive issue.
在过去 印度当局执行这类大规模迁移的活动 India has been strongly criticised in the past
一直饱受各界批评 for carrying out forced mass evictions.
这事情非常有争议 It is extremely controversial,
因为在一些地方做得很糟糕 because in some places, it's been done badly,
那儿的人是被武力逼迁 where people who have moved out were forcibly moved out.
但在一些地方又做得比较好 But in many other places, it's been done right.
乌勒斯博士的女儿克里蒂 Ullas' daughter Krithi
同为国际野生生物保护学会的工作人员 also works for the Wildlife Conservation Society.
她的工作是督导村民们搬迁 Her job is to manage their village relocations
帮他们解决过程中的困难 and make sure they're done responsibly.
摩尼和他妻子玖智 Mani and his wife Jyothi
是自愿搬离村庄以换取补偿金 have volunteered to leave the forest in return for compensation.
我家族住在这儿好几代了
我父辈 祖辈
一旦我们搬走 不再回来
这很是让我伤感
我只是希望让家人过上富足生活
他们与这个村子有着非常强的牵绊 They feel very strong ties to this place,
尽管在这里过得很艰苦 even though they have a very difficult life here.
而且还有与大象 豹子和老虎共存的危险 And constantly living in fear of elephants, leopards and tigers.
当有了孩子之后 这些危险变得越发凸显 When you have little children, those challenges are even greater.
摩尼和玖智决定离开村庄 Mani and Jyothi are leaving their old way of life behind.
印度的发展变化非常快速 India is changing very rapidly and you have to sometimes make
能够作出离开家乡的决定是非常困难的 really hard choices and sometimes that involves moving people.
能够帮助他们顺利搬离 And I'm very proud of the way we've done it right,
使我对目前工作更有信心 helping them through every step of the way.
但并不是所有人都愿意离开 But not everyone is happy about being moved out.
他们是给钱
但这钱又能维持我们多久
我们就是死也不会离开
对外面世界的无知与害怕使他们选择留守 It's the fear of the outside and unknown that is keeping them here.
一旦这种心理因素能被释放 Once that fear is broken
他们就知道最好的选择还是离开 and they know they are better off, everybody wants out.
摩尼 和玖智是搬离纳迦霍国家公园的 Mani and Jyothi are the latest of 631 families
631户原住民中最新的一员 to leave Nagarhole National Park.
全印度大约有30000人已获得重新安置 In total, almost 30,000 people across India have been relocated.
人离虎入 As humans move out of the forest, tigers move in.
老虎数量实现增长是 A very strong proof that relocation works is to look at
劝服森林周边人口搬迁的政策行之有效的强有力证明 some of the tiger reserves where it's been done well.
人离开后 猎物数量大量增加 People have moved out, prey numbers have multiplied
在很多地方 老虎的数量成倍增长 and in many cases, the tiger numbers have doubled or tripled.
在印度 还有许许多多类似的搬离行动 There are many, many such cases in India.
摩尼 和玖智将要搬进一处新近建成的安置区 Mani and Jyothi are coming to live in a newly-built relocation centre.
在这里 他们将会找到工作并养活家人 Here, they will have to find jobs and fend for themselves.
每个成人都收到相当于 ￡10 000 - 每个成年的自愿搬迁者都可获得大约10000英镑的补助金
在印度这是一笔很大的数目 a huge sum in India.
包含有一部分现金和一栋新屋 This is paid part cash and part in the form of a new house
还有3英亩的土地 and three acres of land.
在这里 我们有电 太阳能和燃气
还能自己种菜
住在森林周边的人有一种普遍的观点 There is a widespread view that forest-dwelling people
即住在偏远的地区 should live in remote locations,
食草果腹 远离现代文明 cut-off from all signs of civilisation,
是脱离时代发展的一种象征 eating fruits and nuts, and that's far removed from reality.
人们需要良好的教育 What these people want is good education,
福利和健康 modern amenities and health.
住在偏远的丛林边上是不能够获得这些的 And all of that is not available in the remote jungle.
人们都想要住在城镇中 People want to live in cities
你们将会看到有大规模的迁移活动 and you're going to see this huge transition,
印度将会在接下来的20年内 where India is going from 70% of the country being rural
由70%的乡村人口变为50%城镇人口 to 50% of the country being urban in the next 20 years
这会释放出很多土地 and this is going to open up land.
一旦人离开那方土地 植物会疯长 And once you move people out, the vegetation comes back,
猎物们也会回归 同时老虎的数量就会增长 the prey numbers rebound and then tiger numbers come back.
生态的恢复需要时间 So, ecological recovery takes time,
自然界有其自愈之道 but I think nature knows how to heal itself.
让原住民搬离可能是一种过激的解决方案 Relocation may be an extreme solution,
但印度虎数量的增长 证明只要有足够的空间 but India's tigers are proof that given enough space,
猎食者们能够重整旗鼓 predators can bounce back.
亚马逊是地球上最大的热带雨林 The greatest tropical forest on Earth is the Amazon.
她覆盖了几乎半个南美洲 It covers almost half of South America
是很多物种在地球上唯一的家园 and is home to more species than anywhere else on the planet.
在委内瑞拉的丛林中 树冠下站着一位致命猎手 In the jungles of Venezuela, the canopy's deadliest hunter -
美洲角雕 the harpy eagle.
它是世上体型最大及最强壮的食肉性鸟类 This is the most powerful bird of prey in the world.
拥有长达两米的翼展 攻击时悄无声息 It has a two-metre wing-span,
喜食猴子和树懒 and it hunts silently, on the lookout for monkeys and sloths.
美洲角雕的捕食范围可达30平方英里 The harpy eagle's territory stretches over 30 square miles.
它们捕食范围的中心 是抚育嗷嗷待哺的幼鸟的巢 At the heart of it, the nest, with a very hungry chick.
两个月大时 幼鸟还相当脆弱 At two months old, the chick is vulnerable
由它凶猛的母亲守护着（雌鸟显著大于雄鸟） and is fiercely guarded by her mother.
在树下 Down below on the forest floor,
同样有人在关注着它们 others are also keeping a close watch.
亚力山大·布兰科博士同时监控着20组不同的角雕家庭 Dr Alexander Blanco monitors 20 different pairs of harpy eagles,
监督管理着森林的这片区域 trying to police this area of forest
同时保护这片区域远离人类的侵占 and keep the nest sites safe from human encroachment.
从中美洲到南美洲 都是角雕的活动范围 Throughout the harpy eagle's range, across Central and South America,
每年都会有类似瑞士国土面积那么大的森林 an area of forest the size of Switzerland
被砍伐掉 is being cut down every year.
亚力山大要想了解森林减少对角雕有多大影响 Alexander is studying the impacts of this loss on the harpy eagle -
他就必须攀爬上 and to do that, he must first get himself
位于35米高 树冠下的鸟巢 35 metres up to the nest in the canopy.
当美洲角雕幼鸟六个月大 即将学会飞行时 When the chick reaches six months old, before she fledges,
亚力山大必须上去把它给带下来 Alexander must climb up and bring her down.
他要给幼鸟安装一个信号发射器 He'll then fit a small radio transmitter on the chick,
使他可在幼鸟长大离巢后 继续追查它的踪迹 so he can keep track of her after she's left the nest.
凶狠的母角雕有可能会发起攻击 The mother eagle could attack,
所以亚力山大穿上了防刺背心 so Alexander is wearing a stab proof vest.
这是一项危险的工作 It's dangerous work,
对角雕无比的热爱使他不顾危险 but it's driven by a lifelong passion for the harpy eagle.
紧张 心跳加速 压力山大
因为我们面对的可是世上力量最强的鹰
亚力山大抵达鸟巢 As soon as he reaches the nest,
他必须时刻防范着角雕致命的武器 Alexander must secure the harpy eagle's deadliest weapons -
它的利爪 its talons.
我们最担心的就是它的长爪
它的利爪可长达12公分
比熊爪还要长
今天 母角雕保持着一定的距离 Today, the female is keeping her distance,
亚力山大耐心等待捕捉机会 but Alexander has been attacked several times.
但当亚力山大开始下降时 But as Alexander starts his descent,
他的牵引绳出现了问题 he realises there's a problem with his ropes.
很幸运 亚力山大和美洲角雕性命无忧 Amazingly, both Alexander and the eagle survive the fall.
但亚力山大摔伤了手腕和腿 But Alexander breaks both his wrist and his leg.
好痛啊
骨头摔断了
从树上摔下来的那一刻 我脑中想的都是幼雕的安危
唐·布拉斯是亚力山大的助手 Alexander's assistant Don Blas
他把角雕带回基地负责照顾 brings the young eagle back to camp, to keep an eye on her.
我给它做了检查
没有受伤的迹象
它很健康 胃口也很好
唐·布拉斯为它装上了无线发射器 Don Blas attaches the radio as planned.
在角雕群体中只有很少可被观察 Very little is known about these eagles,
这台发射机可帮助科学家们观测 so this transmitter will help the scientists understand
角雕是如何在日渐消失的森林中生存的 how they survive in a disappearing forest.
最终 在角雕父母焦切的关注下 Finally, the team return the young eagle to its nest,
他们把它们的孩子放回了鸟巢 under the watchful eye of her anxious parents.
角雕父母立即马不停蹄地给幼雕带回食物 The adult eagles waste no time bringing in more prey...
它们的生活又归于平淡 ..and life at the nest returns to normal.
如今 这只角雕已经18月龄 The harpy eagle is now 18 months old.
亚力山大自上回摔伤后 Alexander is returning to study her progress
回归并继续他的事业 for the first time since his fall.
能够重回这里 继续我的事业
我心情无比激动
在角雕身上的发射机不断地传回信号 The transmitter on the eagle sends out a radio signal
使科学家们知道它已开始学习捕猎 and the scientists can now track her through the forest
活动区域覆盖整个森林 as she learns to hunt.
如今它能够识别猎物 She can now recognise her prey,
但它还是不希望它的猎物能还手 but she's doesn't expect it to fight back.
亚力山大的观测表明 But Alexander's studies show the monkeys and sloths
美洲角雕主要的猎物猴子和树懒 that form the eagle's main prey
数量随着森林面积的减少而下降着 are disappearing as the forest is cleared.
面临这种情况下 In the face of this crisis,
美洲角雕展现出聪明才智 the harpy eagle has proved to be remarkably resourceful.
它们开始在很多区域 The eagles are starting to hunt ground-dwelling prey
猎食陆生猎物 in more broken areas.
美洲角雕已能够适应人们在森林中的砍伐活动
但随着森林碎片化越发严重
角雕的数量还是会下降
如今美洲角雕数量已不足50000只 There are now less than 50,000 harpy eagles left.
随着林木不断被砍伐 At the current rate of deforestation,
它们的数量在接下来的50年内 将会再降三分之一 their numbers will drop by a third in the next 50 years.
唯一的希望是 亚力山大的观测数据 The only hope is that Alexander's data
能够说服政府去保护美洲角雕的栖息地 will persuade governments to protect their habitat,
面临再大的苦难 在所不辞 even if he has to risk his life in the process.
地球陆地表面 Nearly half of the world's land surface
近半都是被草地和沙地所覆盖 is covered by grasslands and deserts
在非洲 这种情况尤其凸显 and none are richer than the plains of Africa.
非洲大草原 This vast savanna is home
是地球上一些闻名于世的猎食者的家园 to some of the most celebrated predators on the planet.
其中最知名的是 狮子 And the most celebrated of them all is the lion.
位于坦桑尼亚北部的恩戈罗恩戈罗火山口 The Ngorongoro crater in Tanzania
是地球上狮群密度最高的区域 has the highest density of lions on Earth.
这儿的狮子四大家族 There are four prides of lions here
时常与它们的人类邻居 马赛人 and they're engaged in a constant war with their human neighbours,
发生冲突 the Maasai people.
马赛人养牛维生 The Maasai rely on their cattle for survival.
当狮子来袭击他们养的家畜时 When the lions attack their livestock,
马赛人会毫不留情地杀死对方 the Maasai retaliate by killing them.
勇士与猎食者间的战斗 This is an ancient conflict between warrior and predator
上千年来不断重复上演着 that's been played out for millennia.
这儿的人口数量在近20年来已翻了三番 The human population here has nearly tripled in the last 20 years
对狮子而言 情势已到危急关头 and the conflict has now reached crisis point.
葛雷克·派克是世上顶尖的狮子专家 Craig Packer is the world's top lion expert.
他和助手英吉拉·杨松 He and assistant Ingela Jansson
正在试着阻止马赛人夺取狮子的生命 are trying to stop the Maasai from killing lions
使之与狮群和平相处 and allow them to breed in peace.
狮子们在马赛人的长矛挥舞下只能落荒而逃 Those animals have to run the gauntlet of Maasai with spears.
这类的武装护卫队在恩戈罗恩戈罗火山口到处都是 And so, with that kind of armed guard all the way round the crater,
无论是哪儿来的雄性 人或动物 it's very difficult for the males to be able to come into the crater
想要进入火山口 那可真是困难重重 from somewhere else to rejuvenate this population.
恩戈罗恩戈罗火山口的狮群已时日无多 Time is running out for the lions of Ngorongoro.
克雷格估计它们已不足100只 Craig has roughly 100 of them
而且马赛人平均每年还会干掉10只狮子 and the Maasai are killing an average of ten a year.
那只带疤的狮子 编号Mg103 The one with the scar, MG103 -
她在5月份产下幼仔 其中两只已死 she had cubs in May and two of hers were lost
我甚至还不知道它们的性别 and I didn't even see what sex they were.
天知道狮子还剩多少 Whenever one of our study lions is speared,
杀狮貌似正确 但对狮群而言无疑是丧钟敲响 it's like right, that's just one more nail in the coffin.
这是我们必须设法解决的 It's like one more example of why something must be done
难题之一 to address this problem.
缓解冲突的唯一方法就是 The only way to solve the conflict here
在这对世仇间创造和平共处 is by brokering peace between these two ancient enemies.
英吉拉和克雷格雇佣了一队马赛人 Ingela and Craig have employed a team of Maasai scouts
用作护卫狮群安全 from within the community.
他们的工作是记录狮子来袭 Their job is to document lion attacks
以及试着防止人们对它进行报复 and try and stop people from retaliating.
我问他们"你们喜欢狮子吗" So, I'm asking them "Do you like lions?"
当然 你能听到他们嘟哝"是的" 但她又会说 And yeah, there was some murmuring "yes" but then she said,
"不 我不喜欢狮子" 因为去年有只狮子攻击她的儿子 "No, I don't like lions", because a lion attacked her son last year.
他当时才22岁 Oh, he's like 22 years old.
当时他在保护他的家畜 He went then to defend their livestock
然后不得不与狮子近身搏斗 and then he got into a close fight with a lion.
四年来 英吉拉的工作进展缓慢 After four years of Ingela's incredible dedication
在与马赛人交谈中 to slowly, gradually build trust with people,
他们更愿意倾诉被狮子袭击的相关遭遇 people are very much are more likely to tell her what's happened.
他们都恨不得杀死狮子以报仇雪恨 They might even have speared a lion in retaliation.
她对改变现状有所期待 So, she can get a better picture of what really happens here.
那什么才是最好的解决方案呢 And therefore, how best to improve circumstances.
狮子杀死任何一头家畜 对我们而言都是重大的损失
在一次袭击中 我失去了一头公牛 一头母牛和它的小牛们
克雷格 英吉拉和他们的马赛守卫队暂停了在这边的行动 Craig, Ingela and their scouts have their work cut out.
这里人们与狮子间的战争 The war between people and lions has been waged here
已持续2百万年之久 for over two million years.
这是一个死结 And there is one deadly tradition
如今的人们普遍认为 that's still widely practised today -
杀死狮子是再正常不过的事情 the ritual killing of lions.
克雷格和英吉拉正在拜访 The team are travelling to a remote settlement
位于塞伦盖蒂边缘的部落 on the edge of the Serengeti.
这里是与狮子争地的前线 This is the front line in the conflict with lions.
我们今天来此参加一场马赛人的婚礼 We've come out here today to attend a Maasai wedding
近十年来 这里一直有 in an area that's had a lot of ritual lion killing
杀狮的传统 over the last decade.
英吉拉发现 马赛人在举行婚礼之类的盛典时 One of the things that Ingela has learnt in her research
伴随之的是捕猎派对 is that these hunting parties often assemble at an event like this.
所以 如同你所见 So, as you can see,
每个人都如此兴奋 跃跃欲试… everybody's getting worked up and that level of excitement...
又唱又跳 仿佛身上充满无尽的能量 It's like they've got all this energy and all that testosterone ready to go
他们如此兴奋 是因为将要去捕猎一只狮子 and one of the things they really get excited about doing is going to hunt a lion.
英吉拉希望她的守卫队能够出现 Ingela is hoping that the presence of her scouts
才有可能阻止这群部落勇士去猎杀狮子 may be enough to deter the warriors from hunting lions.
他们之间是朋友 是亲属 They know these guys, they're friends, they're relatives
部落的人知道守卫队在为狮子保护组织工作 and everyone knows here that they work for Lion Conservation,
所以当他们出现时 部落勇士们就不会去猎杀狮子 so they kind of know that they can't go hunting if that person is present.
来自这地区的罗蒙 是英吉拉守卫队的队长 Ingela's head scout, Roimen, comes from this area.
在他年轻的时候 曾亲手杀死两只狮子 He killed two lions by himself in ritual hunts when he was younger,
跟随他的战士们都非常尊敬他 and has the respect of his fellow warriors.
我在守卫队做得还不错
我能知道这帮人在说些什么 想些什么
我会直接跟他们领头的家伙谈
劝服他们放弃捕杀狮子的活动
今天 没人会去猎杀狮子 它们在这地方很安全 Today, no-one is going hunting and the lions in this area are safe.
但彻底解决人与狮的纷争得花数十年的时间 But it could take decades to solve the conflict,
所以克雷格提出了一个备受争议的方案 so Craig is proposing a highly controversial solution -
建起围栏把人与兽分隔开 putting up fences to keep people and predators apart.
这是我们对非洲 这片未完全开发的处女地的美好愿景 Our romantic visions of Africa's unspoilt wilderness -
但已无可能实现 that's already out of date.
现今非洲的人口已达10亿 The human population now is already one billion people.
这个数字预计在本世纪末会翻四倍 It's expected to quadruple by the end of this century.
所以 是时候考虑在人与野生动物间设立围栏 So, it's time to consider erecting fences between people and wildlife.
是时候反思与实施 It's time to rethink the basic need
能够满足人与动物 for the safety of the people around these parks
彼此基本安全的方法 and the safety of the animals themselves.
克雷格呼吁建立带电的围栏 Craig is calling for fortress conservation -
以保护成百上千英里范围内的野生动植物 protecting vast areas with hundreds of miles of electric fencing.
在南非 In South Africa,
所有的野生动物公园已配备了完整的围栏 all the wildlife parks have already been completely fenced in.
如今这儿有上千处高保护级别的野生动物保护区 There are now 1,000 highly protected game reserves here
食物链顶端的食肉动物的数量也在稳定增长 and the number of top carnivores is steadily rising.
但对于活动范围超广的猎食者 猎豹 But for wide-ranging predators like cheetah,
被圈起来却是个糟糕的麻烦 being fenced in poses a deadly problem.
猎豹需要有足够广袤的领地去求生存 Cheetahs need vast territories to survive.
猎豹地球上最迅捷的陆地动物 基本是独立捕食 The world's fastest land animal is mainly solitary
漫游很长一段距离才有机会碰上同类 and must roam long distances to find a mate.
但当它们与家人一起生活在围栏中 But when they're trapped in behind fences with their own families,
近亲繁殖就变成了它们生存下去最大的威胁 in-breeding becomes the biggest threat to their survival.
解决这难题的唯一方法是 为猎豹包配婚姻 The only way to prevent this is by playing Cupid with cheetahs.
他是来自濒危野生动物保护组织的文森特·凡·德·玛威 Vincent Van Der Merwe from the Endangered Wildlife Trust
这是一家被称为猎豹"婚介所"的机构 runs what could be described as a cheetah dating agency.
猎豹的数量不多 These population are small
而且从长远来看 近亲繁殖是相当糟糕的选项 and inbreeding is a terrible thing, in the long run.
所以 得做些包分配的事情 你懂的 So, it's not a natural thing, you know?
在发展猎豹数量的问题上 We'd prefer natural dispersal,
我们当然不愿意干涉它们的自由 natural migration between the populations,
南非与非洲其他国家相比 but South Africa is a highly-developed country
已经是个相当发达的国家 compared to the rest of Africa.
所以 有能力人工干预它们近亲繁殖 And you know, we have to move them artificially.
文森特来到保护区要转移两只雄性猎豹 Vincent has come to Dinokeng Game Reserve to remove two males.
它们都是18月龄 They're 18 months old
都已经不再需要母亲的关照 and would normally have left their mother by now.
所以 得安排这两只性成熟的雄豹 So, these two males are related to the two females
去结识别的雌豹了 and they're reaching sexual maturity now,
这样就能解决猎豹族群近亲繁殖的难题 so there is the possibility that inbreeding will take place.
转移这两只雄豹就是为了预防它们会近亲繁殖 So, it's important that we remove these two males to prevent inbreeding.
在开始之前 Before they can be moved,
先由兽医肖恩·贝弗利将其麻醉 the cheetah must be immobilised by wildlife vet Shaun Beverley.
让我们给它检查检查 Let's just have a look and see.
看看它们状态如何 I just want to check what these two do.
倒车 Just reverse.
停 Stop here.
动物们对麻醉药非常敏感 These animals are very sensitive to drugs
有相当高的风险会因药物过量致死致伤 and there's a high risk of overdose or injury.
好的 让我拿下它 OK, I'm going to take it.
注意看那只雌豹 它非常不高兴我们的车靠近 Just watch the female - she's not happy at all about the vehicle.
这只雄豹似乎想要保护她… She's quite intent in protecting her... The young male.
留心它们生气的老妈 With an eye out for the angry mother,
肖恩小心地搬动着这只小鲜肉 Shaun carefully removes the first young male.
准备 我们要把它放进里边 Ready. We're just going to pop him in here.
文森特收集好DNA样本 为每只猎豹都建立了档案 By collecting DNA samples, Vincent creates a profile for each cheetah
认真核对 并送去其他保护中心与非近亲的猎豹相会 and matches them up with unrelated females on other fenced reserves.
好的 血样标本放这儿 OK, got some blood vials over there.
在一家小型保护中心维续一支同源血脉 A single population on a small fenced reserve like this
从长期来看是不可行的 is not viable in the long term.
但53家保护中心就有53支血脉 But 53 small populations on 53 reserves
那就意味着是切实可行的方案 are viable in the long term, if managed as a single population.
所以 我们必须在这53家保护中心之间 So, we continuously have to move these cheetah
不断安排转移这些猎豹 between the 53 small fenced reserves
使猎豹家族开枝散叶 to ensure that they remain genetically viable.
撑住它的脖子 Just support his neck here.
降低点把它放进去 You can put it in as deep as you can
从外头抓着它 拖进去 and just grab him from the outside and drag him through.
给它来点解毒剂 Just give him an antidote.
等清醒过来后 这会令它们舒服一些 Far more comfortable, once they're awake.
好的 咱们走 OK, let's go.
文森特已经转移过98只猎豹 Vincent has now moved 98 cheetah.
但值得注意的是 有五分之一的猎豹在转移过程中死去 But alarmingly, one in five of them have died in the process.
这是保护计划要付出的代价 It's a terrible price to pay for conservation.
这小箱子对猎豹来说 是非常非常狭小的空间 A small box, it's a very, very confined space for a cheetah.
我们也不喜欢让它们长时间呆在里头 We don't like to keep them there too long.
可是 各保护中心相距非常远 Unfortunately, some of the reserves are really far from each other
我们不得不花上一两天的时间来转移它们 and we have to move them over a day or two.
所以 我们非常担心它们 So, we really fear for them,
害怕它们因承受不住而死去 and we lose a lot of cheetah because of chronic stress.
这两只雄豹乘车上百英里来到了新家 The two brothers are travelling 100 miles to their new home,
它们将会在此度过余生 Sable Ranch, where they will stay for the rest of their lives.
这儿会有大量的猎物 Plenty of cheetah food over here.
这两只小鲜肉毫发无损的度过转移之旅 These two young cheetah have survived their journey unscathed.
它们状态很好 开门放出来吧 They are doing 100%, just a case of opening up now.
文森特将会安排一只雌豹过来 让它们组建家庭 Vincent will soon bring in a female, so they can start a family.
将来它们的子女们成年后 When their offspring have reached adulthood,
将会被带到其他保护区 they'll need to be moved to another reserve.
这是一项没有尽头的工作 It's never-ending work.
如今只剩不足10000只猎豹 There are now less than 10,000 cheetahs left.
南非是唯一一个猎豹数量在增长的国家 South Africa is the only country where the population is growing,
感谢人类作出的努力 thanks to human intervention.
但是 But at what cost?
要让非洲的野生动物在围栏圈起的保护中心度过一生吗 Will all of Africa's wildlife end up living on fenced private reserves?
我认为这就是未来环境保护的发展形态 I really think that this is going to be the future of conservation,
因为我们在非洲实在找不出有足够宽广的野外空间 because we're not going to find wide open spaces in Africa any more.
这儿的人口日益增长 社会蓬勃发展 There's just too many people, too much development.
但我们还是能够找到小型的自然据点 But we will find small fragments of natural habitat
安排猎豹的生命续存 where we can reintroduce cheetah.
这确实是一个增加猎豹活动范围 So this is really a way to increase the range of cheetah,
提升数量的好方法 to beef up their numbers,
因为在非洲其他国家 它们的数量一直在减少 because in the rest of Africa, their numbers are going down.
在非洲 你能找到有开阔野外空间的地方 There is at least one place left in Africa
只剩下这里了 where you can still find wide open spaces.
赞比亚 Zambia.
这是一片10万平方英里的原始平原 With over 100,000 square miles of untamed wilderness,
赞比亚实在太大 难以用围栏圈起 Zambia is simply too large to fence in.
有种猎食者比其他的猎手们更需要这片广袤大地 One hunter needs this vast landscape more than any other
而且也是在这平原中最濒危的食肉动物 and it's the most endangered of all the predators on the plains.
非洲野犬 The African wild dog.
野犬是群居动物 Wild dogs are highly social animals.
在开始捕猎前 它们会在一起玩耍 Before hunting, they carry out a greeting ritual,
增强彼此的情感联系 reinforcing bonds within the pack.
它们也很关照老弱病残 They also care for their old and injured,
保证每只狗不被遗弃 不挨饿 making sure no dog goes hungry or gets left behind.
但这些人性般的道义正在变得稀有 But these greetings are becoming a rarity.
野犬们已经失去比以往少90%以上的活动区域 Wild dogs have lost over 90% of their former range
整个非洲的野犬数量也就剩6000只 and there are now just 6,000 remaining in the whole of Africa.
请讲 Mike Bravo, go ahead.
好 我们发现有一群野犬在上游的温泉这边 Yeah, we have the hot springs pack just upstream.
明白 马上过去 Copy that, going there right now.
现在是早上5点 It's five o'clock in the morning
这是一支来自赞比亚食肉动物保护组织的小队 and a team from the Zambian Carnivore Programme
他们正在追踪一群非洲野犬 are tracking a pack of wild dogs.
他们发现 Their study animals are getting caught
食肉动物们的安全正在遭受非法捕猎的威胁 in the crossfire of a war with illegal poaching
桑德伍和亨利在从事保护它们的工作 and Thandive and Henry are trying to keep watch over them.
在这片广阔的平原 It's a huge area and to look for animals like that
要找到像野犬这样 跑动速度超快的动物 is like looking for a needle in a haystack
难度如同大海捞针 and worse still, these dogs are moving at really high speeds.
它们要去捕猎了 是吗 They're heading out hunting, huh?
有空中支援下 他们一起搜寻野犬的踪迹 They're joined on their search by air support.
在飞机上的是 领队马特·贝克尔博士 Team leader Dr Matt Becker is spotting from above,
他负责找出野犬们将要朝哪个方向去捕猎 trying to work out which direction the dogs are heading.
呼叫 呼叫 Tango Mike, Tango Mike, Mike, Bravo.
请讲 Mike Bravo, go ahead.
我们发现一群野犬 目测有15只 Yeah, we have the hot springs pack -
在河的上游方向 got a visual, all 15 of them, just upstream from the Kalousie.
明白 我们现在马上赶过去 并尽可能跟上它们 Copy that, we'll head there right now and try to keep up as best as we can.
好样的 OK, sounds good.
野犬的活动范围可达600平方英里 Wild dog territories stretch over 600 square miles.
它们时刻保持着移动 They're constantly on the move,
所以科学家们会使用无线电发射器追踪它们 so the scientists track them using radio collars.
假如你不紧紧跟着它们 If you don't follow them on the ground for a couple of days,
几天时间就会不知所踪 you often have no idea where they may be.
所以 最快速可靠的方法还是坐上飞机 So the quickest, easiest thing to do is get up in the air
根据无线电信号发现它们 and pick up the signal from a long ways away,
然后再通知地面小队赶往它们要出现的地点 and then, we'll radio those locations to our ground teams,
他们开着车唱着歌 who will come in with their Land Rovers
在地面跟着野犬们 and follow the dogs on the ground
并收集相关的重要资料 and collect all sorts of critical information on them.
呼叫 呼叫 Mike Bravo, I copy that.
你发现它们的位置了吗 Do you have the location right now?
看到它们了 在11点钟方向 你们快去 Yeah, I've got them. 11 o'clock, moving in now.
噢…快看 Oh, that's great.
这支小队几乎每天都在追踪观察这群野犬们捕猎 The team observe the pack hunting almost every day.
它们一旦选定目标 就会团队合作拿下猎物 Once they've selected their target, it's all about teamwork.
当它们遇到有机会拿下的角马或其他猎物 When they actually encounter wildebeest or other prey,
你会看到它们的头领会作出反应 其它狗会立刻跟上 you'll see them reacting to where the other dogs are running as well.
它们非常清楚该如何做 They are very aware of what's going on
以及团队伙伴们会怎么做 and what their other pack members are doing.
你知道的 它们必须团队合作 You know, they take down wildebeest
光靠个体力量是啃不下角马这硬骨头的 that one dog can't possibly do by itself,
所以说 它们必须倚靠团队力量 so through working together and helping each other out,
才能够猎杀像角马这样大型的猎物 they're able to take down big animals like that.
无论我碰到过多少次野犬捕猎 这场面真的是百看不厌 No matter how many times I see a wild dog hunt, it's always amazing.
野犬们在捕猎时展现出的速度与激情 The grace and speed of the dogs in a hunt
是其他动物远比不上的 is something that you can't get with any other species.
非洲野犬独一无二 There's nothing like wild dogs
假如它们灭绝了 不再有物种能像它们那般捕猎 and if we lose them, there will never be anything like them again.
野犬们生命最大威胁 是来自于人类 The greatest threat to wild dogs comes from humans.
野犬们经常被人类设下的陷阱所害 The dogs are getting caught in snares
尽管那是给其他动物所准备的 intended for other animals.
赞比亚的人口越来越多 Zambia's growing population is creating a huge
人们对野味的需求日益增长 and increasing demand for commercial bushmeat,
偷猎羚羊等野味的活动屡禁不止 with poachers targeting species like gazelles.
陷阱不长眼 But snares are indiscriminate
成千上万的动物惨遭其害 and thousands of other animals are caught by accident.
野犬们身处险象环生之地 With the dogs in constant danger,
这组小队必须时刻关注它们 以免遭陷阱之祸 the team keeps an eye on them, in case they get caught in snares.
要追踪野犬们 只需在一只野犬身上安装无线电项圈 To follow the dogs, they need to collar only one animal,
因为野犬们通常会一起行动 as they normally stick together as a pack.
等野犬被麻倒 队员们就能够靠近它 Once the dog is safely down, the team can slowly move in.
它们经常被陷阱抓住 A lot of them are getting snared.
这些项圈也能够帮助我们找到它们的位置 And so, these radio collars enable us to get an animal,
并帮它们除去陷阱 find it and de-snare it.
所以说 这种项圈不仅能救这只狗的命 So, this collar may save this dog's life,
还能挽救它的兄弟姐妹们的命 it may save its brothers and sisters and other pack members.
因为 一旦有团队成员倒下 其他野犬就会停下 So, once the pack member is down, the other dogs will stay in the area.
正如你看到的 它们就在附近 As you can see, some in the background -
当这只野犬的药效过了之后 so that makes it easier for the immobilised dog to join the group
它又能回到队伍中 after the drugs wear off.
看起来这只小鲜肉的腿脚还有点不便 When he comes round, the young male is unsteady on his feet,
但它很快就能赶上它的伙伴们 but he soon catches up with the rest of the pack.
我认为最理想的状态 I think the best sight of the whole darting
是这只狗重新回归它的队伍中 is when the dog gets up and rejoins the pack.
没有比这更好的了 It doesn't get any better than that.
这组小队正在搜寻一对令他们担忧的雌狗 The team are searching for a pair of females that they're worried about.
雌性野犬离开狗群去找别的雄狗 It's not unusual for females to leave the pack
是很正常的事儿 to look for new males,
但这两姐妹碰上了麻烦 but these two sisters have run into trouble.
数周前 我们为其中一只野犬除去陷阱 A few weeks ago, we de-snared one of the females -
它的脚腕被陷阱缠住 she had a snare around her waist
其中一只脚已被夹断 and was actually one of the worst we've ever seen.
如果你仔细看 还能看到脚上的疤痕 If you look very closely, you can also see just where the wire was.
它的姐妹的后腿也有受伤 Her sister's also got an injured back leg.
现在我们是看不到有明显的外伤 We can't see any open wounds at the moment,
但它完全不敢用那只腿走路 but she's clearly not putting any weight on it at all.
这些对它们而言是不好的兆头 And that does not bode well for them,
它们没有办法捕食 when it comes to hunting, looking for food.
看起来它们已经很久没进食了 Looks like they have not eaten for a while, now.
它们非常瘦弱 They look very thin.
我认为它们命不久矣 I don't think they have a good chance of survival.
我们会继续监测它们 看会发生些什么 We will keep monitoring them and see how it goes.
如果运气不好 我们也许会在接下来几周内 It's going to be difficult. We might just end up picking up
找到并回收两只无主的项圈 two empty collars in the next few weeks.
很不幸 从陷阱里救出的那只雌狗 Sadly, the snared female doesn't make it
在一个月后被发现暴毙多日 and is found dead a month later,
幸运的是 它的姐妹找到并加入了其他狗群 but her sister manages to join another pack.
马特的小组与赞比亚野生动物管理局 Matt's team works closely with anti-poaching patrols
以及来自南卢安瓜保护协会的反偷猎巡逻队 from the South Luangwa Conservation Society
开展紧密的合作 and the Zambian Wildlife Authority,
共同搜寻和废除偷猎者的陷阱 以及车辆和枪支 looking for snares and searching vehicles for bushmeat and guns.
对抗偷猎行为最佳的武器 依旧是 But as always, the greatest weapon in the war against poaching
教育下一代 is the next generation.
你们几个
使用望远镜的方法错了
不是用单眼看
而是用两只眼一起看
这是一个环境保护兴趣小组 This is conservation club.
桑德伍和亨利每周都会带孩子们来一次观兽旅行 Every week, Thandi and Henry take children on safari,
孩子们能够领略野生动物带来的大自然之美 so they can appreciate wildlife and the opportunities it brings.
有多少人之前见过非洲野犬 How many people have seen wild dogs before?
首先 它们是成群行动 They hunt in packs of course,
其次 它们喜欢追逐猎物 and they prefer to chase the animal down.
也许我们工作最重要的地方 Probably the most important aspect of our work
就是确保人们能够提起对保护野犬的责任感 is ensuring that the people that are most responsible for conservation
同时也能够认识到野生动物也是我们赞比亚人中的一员 of wild dogs and wild life in general are the Zambians themselves.
亨利和桑德伍很了不起 Henry and Thandi are fantastic and are continuing
他们会继续帮助孩子们参与保护野生动物 to help kids get engaged in wildlife conservation.
你们之前也许从没见过兽夹 For those of you that have never seen a snare before,
这玩意儿长这样 this is what it looks like.
这玩意儿的机制是 The mechanism is so that it should tighten
动物越挣扎 就会越紧 as the animal struggles to get away.
能教育给这代年轻人最好的事儿是 The best thing that can come out of this is a generation of people
让他们对野生动物感兴趣 that are interested in wildlife.
无论将来他们选择什么职业 Regardless of what field they join later on -
教师 银行家或什么其它的 they could be teachers, or bankers, or whatever -
都希望他们是有环境保护意识的一代人 but just environmentally-minded people.
动物多样性是非常重要的 The animals are important, because they are the sources of income
因为这也是我们国家发展重要的资源 that can develop our Zambia - our nation.
当我长大后 我想要教人们认识野生动物 When I grow up, I just want to teach people about wildlife.
就像亨利先生做的那样 Just like Mr Henry do.
地球表面的70%是海水 Oceans cover over 70% of the planet.
这片浩瀚宽广的蓝色荒漠 This immense blue wilderness
居住着世上体型最大的猎食者 is home to the largest predator that's ever lived...
蓝鲸 ..the blue whale -
长可达30米 重可达200吨 up to 30 metres long and weighing 200 tonnes.
自从30年前 全球开始禁止商业捕鲸 Since commercial whaling was banned 30 years ago,
除了在加利福尼亚海岸 off the coast of California,
蓝鲸的数量已有显著的增长 its numbers have almost fully recovered.
这里的蓝鲸身处危境 But they face a new problem.
因为 蓝鲸钟爱的食物 磷虾 Here, blue whales are feeding on krill,
藏身于世上最繁忙的航道之中 in one of the world's busiest shipping lanes.
集装箱船每天24小时不间断地 Container ships plough through these waters 24 hours a day,
通过这条航道进出洛杉矶 heading in and out of Los Angeles.
如果大型船只撞击到鲸鱼 往往是鲸鱼以死收场 When the bow strikes a whale, it's usually fatal.
科学家们认为 这就是这里的蓝鲸数量 Some scientists have suggested that this could be one reason
没有增长的原因之一 why the blue whale population here is not increasing.
要证明这一观点 需要做一些有挑战性的工作 But proving it requires very challenging research.
我们不断监控着这条繁忙的航道 So, we'll go through the area where we've had the sightings
昨晚似乎出现了两条蓝鲸 and it looks like both those whales moved last night
在这个区域… to the shipping lanes, right in that zone...
洛杉矶港口的浮式拦河埂旁 On the MS Shearwater in LA harbour,
一队海洋生物学家正准备出海搜寻蓝鲸 a team of marine biologists are heading out to hunt for blue whales.
他们的任务是研究集装箱船给鲸鱼带来的影响 Their mission is to investigate the impacts of ship strike.
我们可以在鲸鱼 I think we'll have a chance at this angle -
重新回到深处进行旅行模式前 it looks like he's back into
创造机会为它装上追踪器 a little bit more of a travelling mode.
约翰·卡兰伯基迪斯是世上 John Calambokidis from Cascadia Research
顶尖的蓝鲸专家 is the world's top expert on blue whales
他从事这行有29年了 and has been studying them for 29 years.
我是在2007年开始注意到船只撞击问题 I first became aware of the ship strike issue in 2007,
在那个时候 数月内至少有4只蓝鲸在加州南部 when we had at least four blue whales that were struck
被来往的重型船只给撞死 and killed by ships just in Southern California in a few months' period.
洛杉矶港口 The port of Los Angeles Long Beach
是各类船只进出最密集的地方 is the largest shipping complex in the United States.
集装箱船数量在过去30年增长了十倍不止 Container traffic here has increased ten-fold in the last 30 years.
这块地方大概是 This spot right here probably has
进出洛杉矶港的 some of the densest concentration of ships
各类船只穿梭最密集的地方 that will funnel through here, coming into Los Angeles Long Beach.
同时这个海峡周边 This also, right here, is a canyon
聚集有大量磷虾 这是蓝鲸的食物 that has quite a bit of krill for blue whales to feed on.
所以 我们经常能在这块区域 And we've often got concentrations of blue whales
发现聚集着蓝鲸 right in this same area.
约翰使用追踪器标记了大量的蓝鲸 John is tagging a number of whales
看它们是如何躲避船只 to see how they respond to the ships.
我们刚刚发现有一只鲸鱼出现在航道上 Right now, we have a whale that's in the shipping lane,
现在我们要抓住时机 so we're going to try to take this opportunity
去给它装上追踪器 to put a tag on this whale,
看看船只与鲸鱼是如何对彼此作出反应 monitor both what it's doing and get the reaction of the whale.
安装追踪器需要一个恰当的时机 Deploying a suction cup tag requires precision timing.
最重要一点 是时刻注意鲸鱼的动向 This first critical point, till you figure out what a whale's doing,
因为很容易跟丢它 it's very easy to lose it.
现在 我有点儿小担心 Right now, there's a little bit of pressure.
它可能会在这出现 He may come up again here.
是的 它来了 Yep, here he comes.
大伙儿上 All right! Let's go.
来了 Coming up.
好的 干得好 OK, nice job there.
我们给它装上了个吸盘式追踪器 So, that's attached with a suction cup.
我们希望这追踪器 We hope it will stay on
能够坚持上几小时 for something of the order of a few hours.
如今的捕鲸船会根据鲸鱼的习惯 These modern day whalers with hi-tech harpoons
使用高科技的捕鱼工具 are hunting for new information about the whales' behaviour
这就是为什么鲸鱼们现在很少浮出水面了 and why they don't simply swim out of harm's way.
蓝鲸似乎对船只的出现 并没有太大的反应 Blue whales don't seem to respond very strongly to the ship presence.
你知道的 You think about a long ship,
这种大型船只引擎的轰鸣 the engine of that ship that's generating the noise
以及螺旋桨卷起的浪波都是很大的 and the propeller are all the way at the far end.
这些因素会对300米范围内的蓝鲸 What might be of danger to the blue whale
可能会有比较危险的影响 might be 300 metres in front of that.
追踪器可以显示出蓝鲸出现在航道上的次数 The tags reveal how much time the whales spend in the shipping lanes,
尤其是在夜间 especially at night.
首先 比较令人吃惊的是 The first thing that's rather surprising
这条蓝鲸两次穿越航道 is that the whale crosses the shipping lanes twice.
其次 我们看到这条蓝鲸在夜间浮出了水面 And we see that the blue whales are spending
大概有两次 about twice as much of their time at night near the surface,
与白天相比 这会使它们更易受到 where they will be vulnerable to being struck by a ship,
船只撞击 compared to the day time.
约翰如今在为政府工作 John is now working with the authorities
试着提出更改航道和减少通行船只数量的方案 to try to divert the shipping lanes and slow the vessels down.
各方都应积极找出一个解决办法 All sides are keen to find a solution
确保蓝鲸可以平安的觅食 and allow the whales to feed in peace.
极地地区是地球上最偏远 The polar regions are the least-inhabited
也是最荒凉的地方 and the most remote wildernesses on Earth.
北极熊 北极顶尖的猎食者 Here in the Arctic, the top predator is the polar bear.
历经50万年 北极熊已经适应了 Over almost half a million years, these bears have adapted to
北极严酷的季节交替 the Arctic's dramatic annual changes of season.
它们是浮冰上唯一的猎食者 They're the only predators to hunt on sea ice
它们依赖浮冰的存在才能捕猎 and they rely on it for almost all of their prey.
但受全球气温升高的影响 冰层越来越薄 But due to changes in the global climate, the ice is getting thinner.
意味着能捕猎的周期也越来越短 And their season for hunting is getting shorter.
坚实的证据表明这个情况正在发生 To prove this is happening, you need hard evidence.
有一组科学家在过去的30年里 And there's one team of scientists
一直在收集相关的证据 who've been collecting that evidence for the last 30 years.
那是什么 What is that?
可能是只天鹅 It might be a swan.
- 哦 就在山脊的这一侧 - 是的呀
在加拿大北部的西哈德逊湾 In West Hudson Bay in Northern Canada,
生物学家们正在进行一项 Government biologists are carrying out
对北极熊的长期跟踪研究项目 the world's longest study on polar bears.
看 有只北极熊 就在我们下方 Oh, there's a bear, right below me - holy smokes.
就是它了 先把它驱离这里 I think if I was going to do this guy, I'd try to get on his left
赶往山脊方向 and just push up onto this ridge here.
假如我们能把它弄上去 我做梦都会笑醒 If we get him on this ridge, I think we're laughing.
科学家们要为北极熊们做身体检查 The scientists are like health visitors for bears,
以研究短冬对熊数量的影响 checking the pulse of the local population.
对伊万·理查德森博士来说 夏天是检查的最佳时刻 For Dr Evan Richardson, summer is the perfect time to call.
北极熊现都在陆地上休养生息 As the bears are resting on land right now,
它们依靠储存的脂肪生存 living off their stored fat reserves, waiting for the sea ice
耐心等待着11 12月份海面上浮冰再现 to come back in the fall, in November and December,
这就为我们提供了一个来此研究统计 it really gives us a good opportunity
北极熊数量的好机会 to come and study this particular population of bears.
北极熊必须得先麻醉好 The bears need to be immobilised
生物学家才能上前工作 before the biologists can get to work.
我要尽量在熊的正上方使用麻醉枪 I'll just keep pushing him in the direction he's headed now, OK?
尼克·隆恩博士的团队自项目开立起 Dr Nick Lunn's team has darted over 5,000 bears
给北极熊至少做过5000次检查 since the project first started.
那只熊要被赶进水里了 That bear's going into the water.
这不是个合适的地方 它们太靠近海面了 It's a place they consider safe, they head out to sea.
我们可不想把它麻在水里 And we don't want to be darting him in the water,
所以我们得让它回头 so we need to move him back out where we can get a safe shot
要找个合适的地方再把它麻倒 and have him go down on the land.
在短期来看 我们的行为对这些北极熊来说有些影响 Though it's stressful for the individuals in the short-term,
但从长远来说 这些研究可以帮助拯救整个物种 this research could help save the entire species in the long-term.
当麻醉镖击中后 Once the dart is in,
队员们必须在北极熊完全失去力量前 保持安全的距离 the crew wait at a safe distance until the bear is down.
离开直升飞机后 他们必须小心谨慎 They must be extremely cautious when leaving the helicopter.
在北极熊生活的国度 必须时刻保持警惕 Working around polar bear country, one always has to be vigilant
注意附近的其他北极熊 and aware that there are other bears around -
它们好奇心强 会想要上前看看 they're curious, they're going to come in.
我们有枪 万一有意外发生 可以保护我们生命安全 We have firearms, as a protective measure, just in case of an incident.
给它换个位置 方便我们做检查 Let's see if we can reposition him - which might be easier said than done.
他们动作必须要快 The team have to work fast.
一旦麻醉药失效 Once the anaesthetic wears off,
这只北极熊会马上变得非常有攻击性 this bear will quickly become very dangerous.
这只熊曾在2003年记录在案 This bear was first caught back in 2003
它这十年来生活得还不错 and he's got about another ten capture histories.
我们收集毛发样本 脂肪量样本 We collect hair samples, we'll take fat samples,
还做些简单的测量 we'll take a few standard measurements.
头部长度 Head length - 343.
现在 把它伸直测量体长 So now, we're going to get a straight line body length of this bear.
233 233.
它的牙齿完好 没有磨损 His canines are one. Tooth wear is one.
它们的健康记录都会逐年进行更新 By updating their health records each year,
生物学家们会时刻关注这只熊的状况 the team can keep an eye on this bear's condition.
它的编号是016 The number is 016.
总的来说 在个体区别上 Typically, male bears would be
成年雄性北极熊的体型会比较大 10%左右 10% larger than this particular individual,
按标准来说 这些北极熊明显比较小只 so the bears are actually shorter,
比上世纪80 90年代的要瘦小一些 smaller than they used to be in the 1980s and 1990s.
我们相信 这与捕食期缩短 猎物缩减而导致的营养下降 We believe it's probably related to nutritional stress
有相当大的关联 and the population and reduced access to food.
这些北极熊总是饥肠辘辘的 The bears are going hungry
因为这儿的冬天气温越来越暖 时长越来越短 because the winters here have become warmer and shorter
而夏天是又长又热 and the summers longer and hotter.
北极熊需要在浮冰上猎食 The bears need to see ice as a platform to hunt their prey,
以及寻觅伴侣 to travel, they mate out on the sea ice,
但我们看到浮冰会在两周半到三周之前 but we see sea ice breaking up
开始裂开 around two and a half to three weeks earlier
然后重新组成新的浮冰块 and forming around two and a half to three weeks later,
所以 北极熊能够捕食的时间非常不足 so the bears have less time to feed.
它们更瘦了 体内没有富余的脂肪 They're thinner, they don't have the same amount of fat on their bodies.
我们还发现它们生育不足 且幼仔成活率不高 We're seeing fewer cubs being produced, declines in cubs' survival,
北极熊数量在这种糟糕的状况下变得越来越少 bears coming ashore in poor condition,
与30年前相比 现今它们的体重轻多了 weighing a lot less now than they did 30 years ago.
科学家们已经能够证明 The scientists can now prove that these bears are, on average,
北极熊的体型 总体来说比在研究项目开始时要瘦小20% 20% smaller than when their study first started.
如果浮冰持续时间越来越短 If the loss of ice continues,
那么北极熊将逐渐走向灭绝 the polar bear will gradually become extinct.
气候转换正在变得越来越快 Climate change is happening fairly rapidly,
尽管这些北极熊变得很能耐饿 so even though these bears are really good at fasting
能够长期不进食 and living off their body reserves and going long periods without food,
但正如我们看到的 人类造成的气候变暖正使北极熊 what we're seeing is, we're starting to push these bears
走向它们身体的极限 to their physiological limits,
假如这种情况继续维持下去 and as they're pushed to the limits of their body reserves,
很明显 这将会对它们的生存产生极大的影响 obviously, that has implications for their survival.
与其他大多数猎食者相比 More than any other predator,
北极熊已能够适应 the polar bear has evolved to cope
北极这种极端的季节变化 with dramatic changes in the Arctic seasons.
但似乎北极熊适应的速度 But with the current pace of climate change,
远赶不上气候变化的脚步 the bears simply cannot adapt fast enough.
北极熊生存下去的关键 If polar bears are to survive,
在于我们每个人都应承担自己的责任 we will all have to play our part.
假如人类放聪明些 DR ULLAS KARANTH: If people do smart things,
用些环保的方式制造能源 like different ways of producing energy,
我认为我们会给广大的猎食者们创造出足够的生存空间 I think we will have room for large predators
同时我们的生活也会变得更好 as well as people living really well.
如果人类想要继续在地球上生存下去
就得学会与其他物种和谐共存 and do so in harmony with other species,
我们必须找出一条可持续发展的道路 we're going to have to find a more sustainable way to live than we do,
同时我们也得想方设法降低 and a lot of that is going to have to involve
能源的消耗 lower levels of consumption.
我们必须面对这样的现实 We have to accept the fact that
不能再按现今的模式走下去 we can't just blindly go on the trajectory we're currently on
还盲目地期待事情会变好起来 and expect things to work out well.
我们必须要有所行动 We've got to make changes.
我们自身需要开始思考 CRAIG PACKER: We need to start thinking about the ways
做些什么事情能够使世界变得更美好 the whole world can contribute.
全人类都有责任保护珍稀动物 These precious animals belong to all of us.
它们也是地球的一份子 These are a world resource
举全人类之力 帮助它们解决居地问题以及抵御偷猎者 and the world as a whole should guard these animals against poachers,
有它们的自然世界才是美好的人类家园 habitat loss and protect them into the future.
假如我们不去挽救这些独具特色的猎食者 If we can't save the planet's most charismatic predators,
自然世界中其他的生物又有何希望呢 what hope is there for the rest of the natural world?
野生动物有能力自给自足 Wildlife has the power to recover
人类有能力给它们创造条件 and people have the power to change.
看你的了 朋友 What happens next depends on us.